UGBs can be created by city council action or by
direct democracy. In California, 25% of UGBs were
enacted by initiative or referendum. Napa Valley in
1990 was the first in California and upheld by the
California Supreme Court. The voter-created UGBs tend
to be more effective at managing growth. California
cities and counties with voter-enacted UGBs include
the following:
Benecia
Camarillo
Cotati
Fairfield
Healdsburg
Marina
Milpitas
Moorpark
Napa Valley
Novato
Oxnard
Petaluma
Pleasanton
Benecia
Camarillo
Cotati
Fairfield
Healdsburg
Marina
Milpitas
Moorpark
Napa Valley
Novato
Oxnard
Petaluma
Pleasanton
Rohnert Park
San Jose
Santa Paula
Santa Rosa
Sebastopol
Simi Valley
Thousand Oaks (1996)
Ventura City
Windsor
Alameda County
Stanislaus County
Ventura County